Foam concrete is a kind of concrete with lightweight and has ideal strength. Because of the hollow structure in foam concrete, it has the function of absorbing heat and isolating sound.
The density of foamed concrete is 300-1200 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity is between 0.08-0.3W/ (m ·K).
Foam concrete is widely used in CLC blocks, lightweight partition panels, roof insulation, floor cushion construction, floor heating backfilling, and other occasions.
At the same time, foam concrete is also a good sound absorption material, which can be used in highway sound insulation boards, sound absorption boards, and other fields.
Generally speaking, foam concrete is a kind of building material with multi-function, environmental protection, and economy, which has a wide application prospect.
Impermeability
The impermeability of concrete is related to its porosity and pore structure. According to the pore size, the pores in concrete can be divided into four grades: <4~5nm, 5~50nm, 50~100nm, and >100nm. If the pore volume fraction of pore diameter is larger than 50nm, it will adversely affect the strength and impermeability of concrete. If the pore volume fraction of pore diameter is smaller than 50nm, the strength, impermeability and corrosion resistance of concrete will be improved. At the same time, when polycarboxylate superplasticizer is added to concrete, the water-cement ratio of concrete will be reduced and the pore structure will be improved, which can help to increase the compactness of concrete internal structure and reduce the drainage passage. as a result, the impermeability of concrete can be effectively improved.
Freeze-thaw resistance
The effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete is similar to that of ordinary superplasticizer. When the non-air entraining polycarboxylate superplasticizer is added into the concrete, the water-cement ratio of the concrete can be significantly reduced by the superplasticizer, and the impermeability of the concrete is improved because of the reduction of freezable free water in the concrete structure. thus it is beneficial to improve the freeze-thaw resistance. This is mainly because when concrete is mixed with air-entraining polycarboxylate superplasticizer or non-air-entraining polycarboxylate superplasticizer and appropriate amount of air-entraining agent, due to the air-entraining effect of the admixture, a certain amount of independent, small and stable air bubbles will be introduced into the concrete system, which can effectively alleviate the expansion pressure concentration caused by freezing and supercooled water migration, thus significantly improve the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete.
Anti-corrosion of sulfate and chlorine salt
Through the engineering test, it is found that the sulfate and chloride corrosion resistance of concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer is not significantly different from that of ordinary admixture concrete. Although the polycarboxylate superplasticizer contains a certain amount of sulfate, the consolidation content is usually less than 10%, which will not affect the freeze-thaw resistance of hardened concrete within the recommended range. Under normal circumstances, the polycarboxylate superplasticizer has no corrosion effect on the steel bars in reinforced concrete.
Bond strength between steel bar and concrete
For ordinary concrete and lightweight concrete, polycarboxylate superplasticizer can enhance the bond strength between steel bar and concrete. Some data show that for ordinary concrete, if plain steel is used, polycarboxylate superplasticizer can increase the rebar-concrete bond strength of 7-day-old concrete from 1.2MPa to 3.5 MPa, and if rebar steel is used, the bond strength will increase from 15.0 MPa to 27.5 MPa.
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Polycarboxylate superplasticizer is based on unsaturated polymerizable monomers with active groups such as carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, hydroxyl group and polyoxene group as raw materials. some new high-performance dispersants are prepared by direct copolymerization, post-polymerization functionalization or in-situ polymerization and grafting, which are called superplasticizers in concrete.
The unique comb-shaped molecular structure of this kind of superplasticizer gives it the characteristics of low content, high water reduction, good water retention and good strengthening effect. In addition, the molecular structure, molecular weight and its distribution can be adjusted by means of flexibility of molecular structure design and control of synthesis process parameters, so as to achieve high performance.
What are the advantages of polycarboxylate superplasticizer?
1. low content and good dispersion, usually in the amount of 0.2%-0.5% of the amount of cementitious material, the water reduction rate of concrete can reach more than 30%, and does not segregate and does not bleed water.
2. The performance of keeping slump is good, and the slump of concrete in 90~120min is basically no loss, which accords with the development trend of modern pumping concrete.
3. It has good compatibility with cement, admixture and other admixtures, so it can be used freely.
4. It can effectively increase the content of fly ash, ground slag and other admixtures used to replace cement, so as to reduce the cost of concrete.
5. It can be used to prepare ordinary, high strength, ultra-high strength, high fluidity, early strength, mass concrete and so on according to different design requirements.
6. Formaldehyde is not used in the preparation process, so it will not cause pollution to the human body and the environment.
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According to the different molecular structure, it can be divided into four generations of polycarboxylate series superplasticizer, the first generation is acrylic acid copolymer, the second generation is propylene ether type, the third generation is amide type, and the fourth generation is polyethylene glycol branched chain type.
First generation: methacrylic acid / enoic acid methyl ester copolymer.
The synthesis of the first generation polycarboxylate superplasticizer has few kinds of raw materials and the process is relatively simple.
Second generation: propenyl ether copolymer.
The second generation polycarboxylate superplasticizer is mainly ether bond in molecular synthesis structure. This synthesis method uses maleic anhydride raw materials, and the units of its branched chains are connected by ether bonds, so it is also called polyether superplasticizer.
Third generation: amide / imide type.
The third generation polycarboxylate superplasticizer began to use amide raw materials.
Fourth generation: polyamide-polyethylene glycol branched chain type.
The fourth kind of polycarboxylate superplasticizer focuses on considering the influence of molecular structure and properties, and polyoxyethylene side chain is introduced into the synthesis process control.
Synthesis method of polycarboxylate superplasticizer
Direct copolymerization of polymerizable monomers.
In this synthesis method, a long polyether side chain is introduced into the main chain, and the key to the preparation is to synthesize macromonomers with polymerization activity (usually methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate). Then the monomers with a certain ratio are mixed together and the finished product is obtained by solution polymerization. The premise of this synthesis process is that in the stage of synthesis of macromonomers, the catalyst has a great influence on the synthetic products, and there is a tedious process of intermediate separation and purification. The main purpose is to find suitable catalysts and reaction conditions to further increase the yield and shorten the reaction time so as to reduce the production cost. It has been reported that phase transfer catalyst or inorganic salt is a kind of effective reaction catalyst. A kind of concrete admixture with good slump retention was prepared by direct copolymerization of short-chain and long-chain methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate and methacrylic acid.
Functionalization after polymerization.
This synthesis method is to first form the main chain and then introduce the side chain, generally using polycarboxylate with constant molecular weight, which is grafted with polyether at higher temperature under the action of catalyst. However, there are some problems in this method: first, the types and specifications of ready-made polycarboxylate products are limited, so it is difficult to adjust their composition and molecular weight; second, the compatibility of polycarboxylate and polyether is not good, and the actual operation of esterification is difficult. Third, water is formed in the process of esterification, and phase separation will occur. Therefore, the selection of a polyether with good compatibility with polycarboxylate has become the key to the synthesis.
In situ polymerization and grafting.
This synthesis method is mainly developed to overcome the shortcomings of post-polymerization functionalization. Side chains are introduced at the same time of main chain polymerization, and polyether is used as the reaction medium of carboxylic acid unsaturated monomers. The reaction integrates polymerization and esterification, which avoids the problem of poor compatibility between polycarboxylate and polyether. Although this method can control the molecular weight of the polymer, the main chain can only choose the monomer containing-C00H group, otherwise it is difficult to graft. And the grafting reaction is a reversible equilibrium reaction, there is a large amount of water in the system before the reaction, and the degree of grafting is not very high and difficult to control. This method has the advantages of simple process and low production cost, but the molecular design is difficult.
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In terms of action mechanism, the molecular structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer is comb type, and the polar anion "anchoring" group with strong main chain is used to adsorb on cement particles. The outward extending comb structure supported by many branched chains provides a sufficient spatial arrangement effect for the further dispersion of cement particles. Compared with the electrical repulsion of the double layer of naphthalene superplasticizer, the steric hindrance makes the dispersion stay much longer. By properly changing the comb structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and changing the density and length of side chain, the high water reducing and high early strength superplasticizer suitable for prefabricated components can be obtained. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer can adjust and change the molecular structure according to the requirements to achieve the purpose of changing the performance, rather than using a simple compound to modify, based on this understanding, it may inspire the improvement of our application technology in the future.
The adaptability of polycarboxylate superplasticizer to cementing materials the saturation point of polycarboxylate superplasticizer varies greatly among different kinds of cement, so it is very important to find the saturation point of different cement. However, if the user is only allowed to add 1.0%, under this content, if the adaptability of the selected cement is not good, it is very difficult for the admixture provider to do so, and the compound method often has little effect.
The adaptability of the first-grade ash is good, and the second-and third-grade ash does not adapt to the situation, so the effect is not obvious even if the content of polycarboxylic acid is increased. Often when one kind of cement or fly ash is not adaptable to the admixture, when you change another admixture is still not completely satisfied, you may have to change the cementitious material eventually.
Problem of mud content in sand
When the mud content of sand is high, the water reducing rate of polycarboxylate superplasticizer will decrease obviously. The use of naphthalene superplasticizer is often solved by increasing some content, but the polycarboxylate superplasticizer does not change obviously when the content is increased. In many cases, when the fluidity does not meet the requirements, the concrete has begun to bleed water. At this time, the effect of adjusting sand rate, increasing gas content or adding thickener will not be very good. The best way is to reduce the mud content.
Problem of inspiring air
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer often retains some surface active components that reduce the surface tension in the production process, so it has a certain air-entraining property. These active components are different from the traditional air entraining agent. Some necessary conditions for producing stable, small and closed bubbles are considered in the production process of the air entraining agent, and these effective components will be added to the air entraining agent. As a result, the bubbles brought into the concrete can not only meet the requirements of air content, but also will not adversely affect the strength and other properties. In the production process, the gas content of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can sometimes be as high as 8%. If it is directly used, it is disadvantageous to the strength, so the current approach is to defoaming first and then bleed air. Defoamer manufacturers can often provide, and air entraining agents sometimes need to be chosen by the application unit.
Content of polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer.
The polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer has the advantages of low content, high water reducing rate and good slump maintenance, but the following problems also occur in application: 1 the content is very sensitive and shows a higher water reducing rate when the water binder ratio is small, but when the water binder ratio is above 0.4, the water reducing rate and its change are not so obvious, which may be related to the action mechanism of polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer. Its dispersion and retention lies in the steric hindrance effect formed by the molecular structure. When the water-binder ratio is high, there is enough space between water molecules in the cement dispersion system, so the steric hindrance effect of polycarboxylic acid molecules is naturally smaller. (2) the effect of the amount of cementitious material is more obvious when the amount of cementitious material is large. Under the same conditions, the water reducing effect of the total amount of cementitious materials < 300 μ m / m3 is less than that of > 400 μ m / m3, and it will have superposition effect when the ratio of water to binder is large and the amount of cementitious materials is small. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer is developed for high performance concrete, so its performance and price are more suitable for high performance concrete.
Compounding of polycarboxylate superplasticizer
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer cannot be compounded with naphthalene superplasticizer. If the two kinds of superplasticizer are used in the same equipment, they will have an impact when they are not thoroughly cleaned. Therefore, polycarboxylate superplasticizer is often required to use a set of equipment alone. According to the current use, the compatibility of air entraining agent and polycarboxylate is good, which is mainly due to the low content of air entraining agent, which can be further compatible and complementary with polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The compatibility of sodium gluconate in retarder is also good, but it is poor with other inorganic salt admixtures, so it is difficult to compound.
The PH value of polycarboxylate superplasticizer
The PH value of polycarboxylate superplasticizer is lower than that of other superplasticizers, some of which are only 6-7, so they are required to be stored in FRP, plastic and other containers, but not in metal containers for a long time. It will cause the deterioration of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, and it will affect the life of metal container and the safety of storage and transportation system after long-term acid erosion.
Concrete Additives Supplier
TRUNNANO is a reliable foaming agents supplier with over 12-year experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology development.
If you are looking for high-quality polycarboxylate superplasticizer, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (sales@cabr-concrete.com)
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